Historical Highlights

Some key points to consider:

• Socrates. Concerned about the development of writing and how it would "cease to exercise their memory and become forgetful." and people would be able to "receive a quantity of information without proper instruction" they would "be thought very knowedeable when they are for the most part quite ignorant." "Filled with the conceit of wisdom instead of real wisdom". This information from Carr, 2008., pg. 93) From Plato's Phaedrus.
• Gutenber's printing press, 15th century - availability of books will lead to intellectual laziness, "undermine religious authority, demean the work of scholars and scribes, & apread sedition and debauchery." (from Carr, 2008, p. 93).
• Teaching Machine(Module 6 includes a video about teaching machines).
  • In 1924, Sidney L. Pressey created a crude teaching machine suitable for rote-and-drill learning - see
    http://www.sos.net/~donclark/hrd/history/machine.html for nice right-up and photo
  • B.F. Skinner in 1958. Provided linear instruction as drill-and-practice. Questions always appear in same order, all questions. Later Crowder modified to allow for branching instruction. Answers students make for some multiple choice questions can affect the next question they are asked. See http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/history/skinner.html
  • Also see http://www.greenchameleon.com/gc/blog_detail/weve_been_imagined/ for short descriptions & pictures of early classroom technology
• Dates, items to check (from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-z1iXz3SDo)
  • 1917. WHA began broadcasting music education programs on the radio
  • 1910ish. Educational films begin? Possible name, George Klein
  • 1923. NEA establishes Division of Visual Instruction
  • 1920's - 1950. Educational radio broadcasts. US Dept of Commerce licencing educational stations
  • 1940's - educational videos become more common. Coronet instructional films a common producer
  • 1939 - instructional tv begins, but not well established until 1954
  • Role of sputnik in increase in science, math education in the US
  • 1960's - Foreign language labs
  • 1968 - Sesame Street begins
  • 1970's - computers 1st entry into schools (that date seems early to me; 1980's more accurate, more common)
• The Internet
  • WWW - the read-only web
  • Web 2.0 - the interactive web
  • Web 3.0 - the semantic web
• Of the video links provided in the module notes, I think the best is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdwEIi22Dv8

References

Carr, N. (2008). Is Google Making Us Stupid? (Cover story). Atlantic Monthly (10727825), 302(1), 56-63. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Available online: http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/print/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/6868/